中國茶葉的大分類通常還是按照制作工藝來劃分為主的:綠茶、黃茶、白茶、青茶(烏龍茶)、紅茶、黑茶。制作工藝直接影響到茶葉的相關(guān)發(fā)酵程度。
具體茶葉分類及相關(guān)代表,可以參照如下:
The different kinds of Chinese Tea
綠茶
主要制作過程:采摘,萎凋, 揉捻,殺青, 干燥
品質(zhì)特征:清湯綠葉,新鮮為關(guān)鍵,不發(fā)酵茶
按殺青不同分四類:
1) 炒青:代表品牌:龍井,碧螺春, 金眉
2) 烘青:閩烘青, 浙烘青為主,代表品牌:黃山毛峰
3) 曬青:云南,四川,陜西地為主
4) 蒸青:日本為主,代表品牌: 玉露
Green Tea
Main process of manufacture: plucking, withering, twisting, fixation (inactivation), backing
Main characters: Green leaf and light soap, the key point is fresh, non-fermented tea
Divided to four kinds by different ways of fixation (inactivation):
1) Roasted ----- Representative Tea: Long jing, Bi luo chun, Jin mei.
2) Backed ----- Representative Tea: Huangshan maofong
3) Sun withering: ----- Mainly in Yunnang, Shichuan, Shangxi provinces
4) Steamed: ----- Mainly in Japan, representative Tea: YuLu
紅茶
主要制作過程:萎凋,揉捻,發(fā)酵,干燥
品質(zhì)特征:紅湯紅葉,香味甜醇,純發(fā)酵茶
種類:
1) 工夫紅茶: 代表有:滇紅, 祁紅, 閩紅
2) 小種紅茶:正山小種, 煙小種
3) 紅碎茶
Black Tea
Main process of manufacture: plucking, withering, twisting, fermentation, backing
Main characters: Red leaf and red soap, deep flavor, fully fermented.
Different kinds:
1) Congou ----- Representative Tea: Yunnan red tea, Keemum tea (Qihong), Minghong
2) Souchong ----- Representative Tea: Lapsang (拉普山), Smoked Lapsang
3) Broken Black
烏龍茶(青茶)
主要制作過程:曬青,做青,殺青,揉捻,干燥
品質(zhì)特征:湯色金黃,綠葉紅邊,半發(fā)酵茶(做青屬發(fā)酵步驟)
種類:
1) 閩南烏龍:鐵觀音,色種
2) 閩北烏龍:武夷巖茶(大紅袍,水仙,肉桂),建歐水仙
3) 廣東烏龍:鳳凰水仙,單樅
4) 臺灣烏龍:凍頂烏龍
Oolong Tea
Main process of manufacture: plucking, rolling, fixation, twisting, backing
Main characters: Golden soap, Green leaf with red sides, half fermented
Different kinds:
1) Southern Fujian oolong ----- Representative Tea: Tikuanyin, Shezhong
2) Northern Fujian oolong ----- Representative Tea: Wuyi Rock-essence Tea (Including ShuiXin, RouGui, DaHongPao), Jinou Shui Xin
3) Gangdong oolong ----- Representative Tea: Phoenix ShuiXin, DangChong
4) Taiwan oolong ----- Representative Tea:Dongding tea
白茶
主要制作過程:萎凋,干燥
品質(zhì)特征:湯色呈黃亮,半發(fā)酵茶
種類:
1) 白茶芽:銀針
2) 白葉茶:白牡丹
White Tea
Main Process of manufacture: plucking, withering, backing
Main Characters: Yellow soap, half fermented
Different kinds:
1) White buds tea ----- Representative Tea:silver needle
2) White leaf tea ----- Representative Tea: white peony
黃茶
主要制作過程:殺青,悶黃,殺青,干燥
品質(zhì)特征:黃色黃湯,半發(fā)酵茶(悶黃步驟算發(fā)酵步驟)
種類:
1) 蒙頂黃芽,君山銀針
2) 黃小茶:北港銀針,溈山銀針
3) 黃大茶:霍山黃大茶,廣東大葉茶
Yellow Tea
Main Process of manufacture: plucking, fixation, over brewing, fixation, backing
1) Mengding yellow buds, JunShan silver needle
2) Small yellow tea ----- Representative Tea: Beigang silver needle, WeiShan silver needle
3) Large yellow tea ----- Representative Tea: HuoShan large yellow tea, Guandong large leaf tea
黑茶
主要制作過程:殺青,揉捻,渥堆,干燥
品質(zhì)特征:干茶油黑,湯色呈黃,后發(fā)酵茶(渥堆步驟算發(fā)酵步驟)
種類
1) 湖南黑茶:安氏
2) 湖北:老青茶
3) 四川邊茶
4) 滇桂黑茶:普洱
Dark Tea
Main process of manufacture: plucking, fixation, twisting, pile-fermentation, backing
Main Characters: Dry tea is very dark, yellow soap, afterwards fermented
1) Hunang dark tea ----- Representative Tea: Anshi
2) Hunang dark tea ----- Representative Tea: Dark green tea
3) Sichuan brick tea
4) Yuannang&GuanXi dark tea ----- Representative Tea: Puer
再加工茶
1) 花茶:茉莉花茶,桂花茶
2) 緊壓茶:茶餅,茶磚
3) 萃取茶:速溶茶,濃縮茶
4) 果味茶:奶茶
5) 藥用保健茶
6) 含茶飲料:康師傅冰紅茶
Re-manufactured tea:
1) Flower tea: Jasmine Tea, Osmanthus scented tea
2) Pressed tea: Caky Tea, Brick Tea
3) Extracted tea: Easy dissolve tea, concentrated tea
4) Fruit flavor tea: Milk tea
5) Medical Tea
6) Tea Beverage
附圖: